IELTS Writing Task 2: Who should protect the environment

Environmental problems such as air pollution and climate change affect everyone, but there is disagreement about who should deal with them. Some people see this as the job of governments, while others think each person must act. In my opinion, governments have to lead, although their efforts will fail without the support of ordinary people.

Those who place the responsibility on governments point out that only the state has the power to make large changes. A government can pass laws that limit factory emissions, tax polluting fuels and invest in clean energy or public transport. No individual can build a railway line or close a coal power station. In addition, rules apply to everybody, whereas voluntary action depends on a minority of people who are willing to make an effort.

On the other hand, it is argued that the environment is damaged by millions of small daily choices. People decide whether to drive or walk, how much meat they eat and whether they recycle their rubbish. If a whole population reduces its waste, the effect is enormous. Supporters of this view also say that governments only act when voters demand it, so change has to begin with individuals.

I believe both sides are partly right, but the main responsibility lies with governments. Individuals can only make green choices when those choices exist and are affordable. For example, people will not leave their cars at home unless there is a reliable bus service. Once the government has made the better option available, however, it is up to each person to use it.

In conclusion, governments should create the laws and services that make an environmentally friendly life possible, and individuals should then play their part. Neither can solve the problem alone.